Which type of external injury is characterized by road rash and friction burns?

The correct answer is abrasion, as this type of external injury occurs when the skin is scraped or rubbed off, typically due to friction against a rough surface. Road rash and friction burns are common examples of abrasions, resulting from contact with a roadway or similar surface that causes the top layer of skin to become damaged.

This definition is particularly relevant in the context of injuries sustained from falls or accidents where the skin makes direct contact with abrasive materials. The characteristic presentation involves pain, redness, and often the exposure of underlying tissues, without penetrating the skin deeply, which distinguishes it from other injury types.

In contrast, incisions refer to clean cuts, usually made by sharp objects, while punctures are caused by pointed objects entering the skin, creating a small but deep wound. Avulsions involve broader tissue loss, where skin or other tissues are torn away, which would not apply in the case of road rash or friction burns. Understanding these definitions helps clarify not only the nature of abrasions but also their distinguishing features compared to other forms of injuries.