Which membrane lines the viscera?

The membrane that lines the viscera is known as the peritoneum. The peritoneum is a serous membrane that envelops the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs, providing a surface that allows for frictionless movement between these organs. It plays a crucial role in supporting the organs, providing a conduit for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves, and facilitating innate immune responses.

The visceral pleura and parietal pleura are membranes associated with the lungs, where the visceral pleura adheres directly to lung tissue, while the parietal pleura lines the chest wall. The pericardium is the membrane surrounding the heart and is not involved with the lining of the viscera. Therefore, the peritoneum specifically pertains to the viscera located in the abdominal cavity, making it the correct answer in this context.